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Submitted
December 18, 2025
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February 11, 2026
Published
June 1, 2026
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Abstract

Understanding the factors that affect induction motor performance is key to improving energy efficiency and reliability in industrial use. This study examines how switching frequency, modulation index, and load types (fan, pump, and standard) influence motor performance. We applied sinusoidal pulse width modulation to control the DC-AC converter in MATLAB/Simulink. Fan and pump loads follow torque that rises with the square of speed. They bring special challenges unlike standard loads. These include higher aerodynamic, hydraulic, and friction losses. Results show that switching frequencies above 1 kHz enhance voltage waveforms. They lead to peak motor efficiency of 80% and cut total harmonic distortion to 21%. Modulation indices affect performance in both linear and non-linear ways. Efficiency rises steadily to 77% as the index reaches 0.8. Voltage also grows consistently in under and over modulation regions. Yet current, input power, speed, and harmonic distortion vary non-linearly during overmodulation. The lowest total harmonic distortion occurs at index 1. Fan loads show slightly higher losses, up 7.34%, and lower efficiency, down 1.57%, compared to standard loads. Pump loads, however, feature much lower losses, down 37%, alongside reduced efficiency of 5.8%.

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Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s), under exclusive license to the University of Thi-Qar. UTJES is an open-access journal where all contents are free of charge. Articles of this journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative commons Attribution 4.0 International License Creative Commons-Attribution (CC BY 4.0) that licensees are unrestrictedly allowed to search, download, share, distribute, print, or link to the full texts of the articles, crawl them for indexing and reproduce any medium of the articles provided that they give the author(s) proper credits (citation). The authors hold the copyright for their published work on UTJES website, while UTJES is responsible for appreciating citation for their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0 enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

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