1. Open Access license

UTJES is a fully Open Access journal. All articles published in UTJES are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Under CC BY 4.0, anyone is free to:

• Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
• Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use

Provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated. No permission is required from the authors or publisher for such use, provided the above conditions are met.

2. Copyright ownership

Authors retain full copyright of their published work. UTJES does not require authors to transfer copyright to the journal or publisher (Nabea Al-Ajyal Foundation for Sustainable Development and Education Improvement). Authors grant UTJES the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under CC BY 4.0, enabling others to share and adapt the work with proper attribution.

3. Author warranties

By submitting a manuscript, authors warrant that:

• The work is original and has not been published elsewhere in whole or substantial part
• The work does not infringe upon any existing copyright, and all necessary permissions have been obtained for any third-party material (e.g., figures, tables, or data reused from other sources)
• All authors have agreed to the terms of the license under which the article is published
• The manuscript does not contain any unlawful, defamatory, or fraudulent content

4. Use of third-party material

Authors reusing figures, tables, images, or substantial text from other copyrighted sources must:

• Obtain written permission from the copyright holder prior to submission
• Provide documentation of this permission to the Editorial Office upon request
• Clearly cite the original source in the figure/table caption or text

5. Self-archiving and reuse rights

Consistent with the journal's Self-Archiving Policy, authors may deposit any version of their article (preprint, accepted manuscript, or published version) in institutional or subject repositories, personal websites, or academic networking sites, without embargo, provided proper citation to the published version (including DOI) is included.

6. Permissions for reuse by third parties

Because all content is published under CC BY 4.0, no separate permission is required from UTJES or the authors for reuse, provided:

• Appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the journal
• A link to the CC BY 4.0 license is included
• Any modifications to the original work are clearly indicated

7. Trademark and journal identity

The UTJES name, logo, and journal branding are the property of the University of Thi-Qar and may not be used to imply endorsement of derivative or third-party works without written permission.

8. Copyright disputes

Any disputes regarding copyright or improper use of third-party material identified after publication will be investigated by the Editorial Office in accordance with COPE guidelines, and may result in a correction, retraction, or expression of concern as outlined in the journal's relevant policy.