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Submitted
January 23, 2026
Accepted
April 14, 2026
Published
June 1, 2026
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Abstract

As the growth of the requirement towards Sixth Generation 6G desirable for advanced technologies to offer extreme performance and facilities, this makes Visible Light Communication (VLC) one of the greatest nominees. This paper estimates the performance of VLC in line-of-sight (LOS) and Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments. Investigate the effect of distance and various transmission angle adjustments on the received power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the transmitter side. Furthermore, from the receiver side, the impact of the optical concentrator gain with distance is studied. The contour plot for both the received power and SNR is studied to present the maximum power according to the effect of the considered parameters. The results show that a high amount of the received power can be achieved with high values of irradiance angle, especially in small distances. For SNR, the maximum value is evaluated at low values for both distance and irradiance angle under the effect of high Lambertian order in the LOS case. In NLOS, a general reduction is notable, especially at large distances. From the receiver perspective, the results show that large values for the received power and SNR are evaluated as the values of the concentrator gain are increased. Also, the optical filter influence on received power and SNR has been studied.

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